Dipergunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa
yang terjadi pada saat sekarang, terjadi berulangkali, merupakan kebiasaan sehari-hari, maupun untuk menyatakan seuatu kebenaran umum.
Pattern :
Verbal
+
S (I, you, we, they) + V1
You eat an apple everyday
S (she, he, it) + V1 + -s/-es
She eats an apple everyday
-
S (I, you, we, they) + do not + V1
You do not eat an apple everyday
S (she, he, it) + does not + V1
She does not eat an apple everyday
?
Do + S (I, you, we, they) + V1
Do you eat an apple everyday?
Does + S (she, he, it) + V1
Does she eat an apple everyday?
Nominal
+
S + to be (am, are, is) + A/N/A
She is clever (adjective)
You are a student (noun)
They are at home (adverb)
-
S + to be (am, are, is) + not + A/N/A
She is not clever
(adjective)
You are not a student
(noun)
They are not at home
(adverb)
?
To be (am, are, is) + S + A/N/A?
Is she clever? (adjective)
Are you a student? (noun)
Are they at home? (adverb)
A/N/A : adjective/noun/adverb
Time Signal : always,
generally, normally, usually, often, never, regularly, sometimes, seldom, nowadays,
steadily, everyday, every other day, on and of, once in a while, once a week,
twice a month, etc.
1.Kalimat verbal: kalimat yang predikatnya kata kerja/verb, dengan kata lain kalimat verbal adalah kalimat yang predikatnya bukan kata benda, bukan kata sifat, dan juga bukan kata keterangan
Kalimat verbal dibagi menjadi 2:
☺Kalimat Transitive: kalimat yang menghendaki adanya suatu obyek/pelengkap
e.g.: I eat an apple
I
eat
an apple
subject
verb
object
☺Kalimat Intransitive: kalimat yang tidak memerlukan suatu obyek/pelengkap
e.g.: You sleep
You
sleep
subject
verb
Gunakan ”APA” untuk mengetahui kalimat tersebut termasuk kalimat transitive atau intransitive.
2.Kalimat nominal: kalimat yg predikatnya bukan kata kerja. Predikat kalimat nominal adalah kata benda (noun), kata sifat (adjective), kata keterangan (adverb)
c. Menurut bentuk tunggal (singular) & jamaknya (plural)
regular noun (kata benda beraturan)
irregular noun (kata benda tak beraturan)
singular
plural
meaning
singular
plural
meaning
book
books
buku
man
men
pria
class
classes
kelas
woman
women
wanita
radio
radios
radio
foot
feet
kaki
leaf
leaves
daun
mouse
mice
tikus
city
cities
kota
child
children
anak
2. Verb (Kata Kerja)
Verb adalah kata atau frasa yang menyatakan keberadaan, perbuatan, atau pengalaman.
Bila suatu verbmenghendaki adanya suatu obyek/pelengkap disebut transitive verb, misalnya: build, cut, find, etc. Sebaliknya bila verb tersebut tidak memerlukan suatu obyek/pelengkap disebut intransitive verb, misalnya arrive, come, cry, go, live, rain, sleep, stay, walk.
Menurut bentuknya, kata kerja dibagi menjadi 2, yaitu regular verb (kata kerja beraturan) & irregular verb (kata kerja tak beraturan).
regular verb(kata kerja beraturan)
irregular verb (kata kerja tak beraturan)
V1
V2
V3
meaning
V1
V2
V3
meaning
work
worked
worked
bekerja
go
went
gone
pergi
want
wanted
wanted
ingin
get
got
got, gotten
mendapat
help
helped
helped
menolong
write
wrote
written
menulis
play
played
played
bermain
teach
taught
taught
mengajar
ask
asked
asked
bertanya
pay
paid
paid
membayar
3. Adjective (kata sifat)
Adjective mendeskripsikan noun. Mereka digunakan untuk mendeskripsikan jumlah, urutan, rupa.
ex:clever, lazy, young, old, rich, poor, beautiful, brown, modern, etc.
4. Pronoun (Kata Ganti)
Pronoun digunakan untuk menggantikan noun.
subject pronoun
object pronoun
possessive pronoun
relative pronoun
reflexive pronoun
reciprocal pronoun
I
me
my
who, which, whom
myself
each other
you
you
your
yourself
we
us
our
ourselves
they
them
their
themselves
she
her
her
herself
he
him
his
himself
it
it
its
itself
5. Adverb (Kata Keterangan)
Adverb menambah informasi pada verb, adjective, atau kalimat.
a.Adverb of time (waktu):today, now, yesterday, tomorrow, at 9 o’clock, 3 days ago
b.Adverb of place (tempat):in Cepu, at home
c.Adverb of manner (cara):quickly, calmly, carefully
d.Adverb of degree (tingkat):so clever, too high, very beautiful
e.Adverb of direction (arah):in front of the table, behind the boy, beside the cat, on the table, in the box, above (tidak menempel) the house, below the sky
f.Adverb of sentence (kalimat):actually, generally
6. Kata Bilangan (Numeralia)
Adalah kata yang menyatakan jumlah benda atau jumlah kumpulan atau urutan tempat dari nama-nama benda. Examples: cardinal numbers (one, two, three, four, etc), ordinal numbers (first, second, third, fourth, etc).
7. Conjunction (Kata Sambung)
Conjunction adalah kata yang menghubungkan kata-kata, bagian-bagian kalimat atau menghubungkan kalimat-kalimat. Examples: and, or, but, etc.
8. Preposition (Kata Depan)
Preposition kata yang merangkaikan kata-kata atau bagian kalimat. Examples: about, above, across, after, against, along, among, around, at, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, between, beyond, by, despite, down, during, for, from, in, into, like, near, of, off, on, out, over, since, through, throughout, till, to, under, until, up, upon, with, within, without, etc.
9. Determiner (Kata Sandang)
Determiner tidak mempunyai arti akan tetapi mendeskripsikan noun.examples: a, an, the.
10. Interjection (Kata Seru/Interjeksi)
Interjeksi mengungkapkan semua perasaan dan maksud seseorang, maka kata seru sebenarnya bukanlah kata tetapi semacam kalimat. Examples: Oh My God!, Wow!, Fantastic!
